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Calcium protects our bodies from bone loss, migraine headaches, obesity in children and aids in losing unwanted fats. It is essential to get the recommended amount of daily calcium intake in order to maintain strong bones and health benefits and prevent future health risks due to lack of calcium. Vitamin D Vitamin D actually helps the body absorb calcium. Therefore, almost all milk produced within the United States has been fortified with 1. IU of Vitamin D. Vitamin D helps bone strength by promoting bone growth and reducing the risk of brittle bones. It also reduces inflammation and increases immune function. Healthy Bones. There are three main factors that contribute to healthy, strong bones. Genetics, physical activity, and proper calcium intake. With one eight ounce serving of milk providing 2. You can also offer a serving low- fat cheese which boasts 2. Since milk is rich in calcium, which is essential for growth and proper strong bone structure milk helps prevent bone growth disorders and decrease the chance of bone fractures when injured. Healthy Teeth. Encouraging young children to drink milk will result in great dental health. Milk protects the enamel surface against acidic substances. Drinking milk for energy and good health with help children reduce the consumption of soft drinks, thus reducing the risk of decayed teeth and weak gums. Rehydration. Milk contains a good amount of water molecules so it helps keep bodies hydrated. Especially for children who are constantly active and running around it is important to stay hydrated. Therefore having a glass of milk is a great resource for hydration. Improving Vitamin Intake. Milk contains vitamins and minerals to keep you fit, healthy and strong. These vitamins and minerals are good for eyesight, carbohydrates that increase energy and protein for body repair and growth. Key Takeaways. Milk is one of the best sources of calcium for the body. Milk is filled with Vitamin D that helps the body absorb calcium. Proper calcium intake contributes to strong and healthy bones. Drinking milk provides other benefits such as healthy teeth, rehydration and improves vitamin intake. Learn More. We encourage yourself and your children to get the proper amount of daily calcium intake. A delicious glass of milk could do the trick! Be sure to check out recipes on our Facebook Page (Guida. Home Networks (Published 2. This section provides a basic introduction to the technologies that underlie the Internet. It was written with the novice end- user in mind and is not intended to be a comprehensive survey of all Internet- based technologies. Subsections provide a short overview of each topic. This section is a basic primer on the relevant technologies. For those who desire a deeper understanding of the concepts covered here, we include links to additional information. What does broadband mean? In this context, Internet connections via cable modem and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) are frequently referred to as broadband Internet connections. There is no set bandwidth threshold required for a connection to be referred to as . The cable modem usually has an Ethernet LAN (Local Area Network) connection to the computer, and is capable of speeds in excess of 5 Mbps. Typical speeds tend to be lower than the maximum, however, since cable providers turn entire neighborhoods into LANs which share the same bandwidth. However, the maximum bandwidth available to DSL users is usually lower than the maximum cable modem rate because of differences in their respective network technologies. That is, your computer only connects to the Internet when it has something to send, such as email or a request to load a web page. Once there is no more data to be sent, or after a certain amount of idle time, the computer disconnects the call. Also, in most cases each call connects to a pool of modems at the ISP, and since the modem IP addresses are dynamically assigned, your computer is usually assigned a different IP address on each call. As a result, it is more difficult (not impossible, just difficult) for an attacker to take advantage of vulnerable network services to take control of your computer. Broadband services are referred to as . The computer is always on the network, ready to send or receive data through its network interface card (NIC). Since the connection is always up, your computer's IP address will change less frequently (if at all), thus making it more of a fixed target for attack. What's more, many broadband service providers use well- known IP addresses for home users. So while an attacker may not be able to single out your specific computer as belonging to you, they may at least be able to know that your service providers' broadband customers are within a certain address range, thereby making your computer a more likely target than it might have been otherwise. The table below shows a brief comparison of traditional dial- up and broadband services. Dial- up. Broadband. Connection type. Dial on demand. Always on. IP address. Changes on each call. Static or infrequently changing. Relative connection speed. Low. High. Remote control potential. Computer must be dialed in to control remotely. Computer is always connected, so remote control can occur anytime. ISP- provided security. Little or none. Little or none. Table 1: Comparison of Dial- up and Broadband Services. How is broadband access different from the network I use at work? Corporate and government networks are typically protected by many layers of security, ranging from network firewalls to encryption. In addition, they usually have support staff who maintain the security and availability of these network connections. Although your ISP is responsible for maintaining the services they provide to you, you probably won't have dedicated staff on hand to manage and operate your home network. You are ultimately responsible for your own computers. As a result, it is up to you to take reasonable precautions to secure your computers from accidental or intentional misuse. What is a protocol? A protocol is a well- defined specification that allows computers to communicate across a network. In a way, protocols define the . It can be thought of as the common language of computers on the Internet. There are a number of detailed descriptions of IP given elsewhere, so we won't cover it in detail in this document. However, it is important to know a few things about IP in order to understand how to secure your computer. Here we'll cover IP addresses, static vs. Similarly, when a computer on the Internet needs to send data to another computer, it must first know its IP address. IP addresses are typically shown as four numbers separated by decimal points, or . For example, 1. 0. IP addresses. If you need to make a telephone call but you only know the person's name, you can look them up in the telephone directory (or call directory services) to get their telephone number. On the Internet, that directory is called the Domain Name System, or DNS for short. If you know the name of a server, say www. DNS server what the numeric IP address is that is associated with that name. Every computer on the Internet has an IP address associated with it that uniquely identifies it. However, that address may change over time, especially if the computer isdialing into an Internet Service Provider (ISP)connected behind a network firewallconnected to a broadband service using dynamic IP addressing. What are static and dynamic addressing? Static IP addressing occurs when an ISP permanently assigns one or more IP addresses for each user. These addresses do not change over time. However, if a static address is assigned but not in use, it is effectively wasted. Since ISPs have a limited number of addresses allocated to them, they sometimes need to make more efficient use of their addresses. Dynamic IP addressing allows the ISP to efficiently utilize their address space. Using dynamic IP addressing, the IP addresses of individual user computers may change over time. If a dynamic address is not in use, it can be automatically reassigned to another computer as needed. What is NAT? Network Address Translation (NAT) provides a way to hide the IP addresses of a private network from the Internet while still allowing computers on that network to access the Internet. NAT can be used in many different ways, but one method frequently used by home users is called . This allows for multiple computers in a home network to use a single cable modem or DSL connection without requiring the ISP to provide more than one IP address to the user. Using this method, the ISP- assigned IP address can be either static or dynamic. Most network firewalls support NAT masquerading. What are TCP and UDP Ports? TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are both protocols that use IP. Whereas IP allows two computers to talk to each other across the Internet, TCP and UDP allow individual applications (also known as . Ports allow a computer to differentiate services such as email data from web data. A port is simply a number associated with each application that uniquely identifies that service on that computer. Both TCP and UDP use ports to identify services. Some common port numbers are 8. HTTP), 2. 5 for email (SMTP), and 5. Dmain Name System (DNS). What is a firewall? The Firewalls FAQ (. Many also provide the ability to control what services (ports) the protected computers are able to access on the Internet (outbound access). Most firewalls intended for home use come with pre- configured security policies from which the user chooses, and some allow the user to customize these policies for their specific needs. More information on firewalls can be found in the. Additional resources section of this document. What does antivirus software do? There are a variety of antivirus software packages that operate in many different ways, depending on how the vendor chose to implement their software. What they have in common, though, is that they all look for patterns in the files or memory of your computer that indicate the possible presence of a known virus. Antivirus packages know what to look for through the use of virus profiles (sometimes called . The effectiveness of antivirus software is dependent on having the latest virus profiles installed on your computer so that it can look for recently discovered viruses. It is important to keep these profiles up to date.
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In more recent times different sub- strands of urban design have emerged such as strategic urban design, landscape urbanism, water- sensitive urban design, and sustainable urbanism. Urban design demands an understanding of a wide range of subjects from physical geography, through to social science, and an appreciation for disciplines, such as real estate development, urban economics, political economy and social theory. Urban design is about making connections between people and places, movement and urban form, nature and the built fabric. Urban design draws together the many strands of place- making, environmental stewardship, social equity and economic viability into the creation of places with distinct beauty and identity. Urban design draws these and other strands together creating a vision for an area and then deploying the resources and skills needed to bring the vision to life. Urban design theory deals primarily with the design and management of public space (i. Public space includes the totality of spaces used freely on a day- to- day basis by the general public, such as streets, plazas, parks and public infrastructure. Design Brief for the Central Ferry Piers and Adjoining Areas Enhancement.Some aspects of privately owned spaces, such as building facades or domestic gardens, also contribute to public space and are therefore also considered by urban design theory. Important writers on urban design theory include Christopher Alexander, Peter Calthorpe, Gordon Cullen, Andres Duany, Jane Jacobs, Mitchell Joachim, Jan Gehl, Allan B. Jacobs, Kevin Lynch, Aldo Rossi, Colin Rowe, Robert Venturi, William H. Whyte, Camillo Sitte, Bill Hillier (Space syntax), Elizabeth Plater- Zyberk and Kelvin Campbell. History. Ancient examples of carefully planned and designed cities exist in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas, and are particularly well- known within Classical Chinese, Roman and Greek cultures (see Hippodamus of Miletus). European Medieval cities are often, and often erroneously, regarded as exemplars of undesigned or 'organic' city development. There are many examples of considered urban design in the Middle Ages (see, e. David Friedman, Florentine New Towns: Urban Design in the Late Middle Ages, MIT 1. In England, many of the towns listed in the 9th century Burghal Hidage were designed on a grid, examples including Southampton, Wareham, Dorset and Wallingford, Oxfordshire, having been rapidly created to provide a defensive network against Danish invaders. Europe brought renewed focus on urbanisation as a means of stimulating economic growth and generating revenue. The burgage system dating from that time and its associated burgage plots brought a form of self- organising design to medieval towns. Rectangular grids were used in the Bastides of 1. Gascony, and the new towns of England created in the same period. Throughout history, design of streets and deliberate configuration of public spaces with buildings have reflected contemporaneous social norms or philosophical and religious beliefs (see, e. Erwin Panofsky, Gothic Architecture and Scholasticism, Meridian Books, 1. Yet the link between designed urban space and human mind appears to be bidirectional. Indeed, the reverse impact of urban structure upon human behaviour and upon thought is evidenced by both observational study and historical record. There are clear indications of impact through Renaissance urban design on the thought of Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei (see, e. Abraham Akkerman, . Spanish colonial cities were often planned, as were some towns settled by other imperial cultures. These sometimes embodied utopian ambitions as well as aims for functionality and good governance, as with James Oglethorpe's plan for Savannah, Georgia. In the Baroque period the design approaches developed in French formal gardens such as Versailles were extended into urban development and redevelopment. In this period, when modern professional specialisations did not exist, urban design was undertaken by people with skills in areas as diverse as sculpture, architecture, garden design, surveying, astronomy, and military engineering. In the 1. 8th and 1. The increase in urban populations brought with it problems of epidemic disease, the response to which was a focus on public health, the rise in the UK of municipal engineering and the inclusion in British legislation of provisions such as minimum widths of street in relation to heights of buildings in order to ensure adequate light and ventilation. Need a design for your architecture company that is easily customizable and yet feature rich and trendy looking? Choose premium architecture templates from Template Monster. Project brief for design and construction. 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The laissez- faire style of government management of the economy, in fashion for most of the Victorian era, was starting to give way to a New Liberalism that championed intervention on the part of the poor and disadvantaged. Around 1. 90. 0, theorists began developing urban planning models to mitigate the consequences of the industrial age, by providing citizens, especially factory workers, with healthier environments. The first modern urban planning theorist was Sir Ebenezer Howard, who initiated the garden city movement in 1. His garden cities were intended to be planned, self- contained communities surrounded by parks, containing proportionate and separate areas of residences, industry and agriculture. Inspired by the Utopian novel Looking Backward and Henry George's work Progress and Poverty, Howard published his book Garden Cities of To- morrow in 1. Download Urban Design powerpoint template (ppt) and power point background for Urban Design presentation. It can be used to build your PowerPoint presentations instantly. The garden city would be self- sufficient and when it reached full population, another garden city would be developed nearby. Howard envisaged a cluster of several garden cities as satellites of a central city of 5. Sir Frederic Osborn extended the movement to regional planning. The Town and Country Planning Association was founded in 1. University of Liverpool in 1. In 1. 91. 0, Thomas Adams was appointed as the first Town Planning Inspector at the Local Government Board, and began meeting with practitioners. The Town Planning Institute was established in 1. These conferences provided a platform for the launching of Harvard's Urban Design program in 1. The writings of Jane Jacobs, Kevin Lynch, Gordon Cullen and Christopher Alexander became authoritative works for the school of Urban Design. Gordon Cullen's The Concise Townscape, first published in 1. Cullen examined the traditional artistic approach to city design of theorists such as Camillo Sitte, Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin. He created the concept of 'serial vision', defining the urban landscape as a series of related spaces. Jane Jacobs' The Death and Life of Great American Cities, published in 1. She critiqued the Modernism of CIAM, and asserted that the publicly unowned spaces created by the 'city in the park' notion of Modernists was one of the main reasons for the rising crime rate. She argued instead for an 'eyes on the street' approach to town planning, and the resurrection of main public space precedents, such as streets and squares, in the design of cities. Kevin Lynch's The Image of the City of 1. He also made popular the use of mental maps to understanding the city, rather than the two- dimensional physical master plans of the previous 5. Other notable works include Rossi's. Architecture of the City (1. Venturi. Rossi introduced the concepts of 'historicism' and 'collective memory' to urban design, and proposed a 'collage metaphor' to understand the collage of new and older forms within the same urban space. Calthorpe, on the other hand, developed a manifesto for sustainable urban living via medium density living, as well as a design manual for building new settlements in accordance with his concept of Transit Oriented Development (TOD). Bill Hillier and Julienne Hanson in . The popularity of these works resulted in terms such as 'historicism', 'sustainability', 'livability', 'high quality of urban components', etc. The most clearly defined form of walkable urbanism is known as the Charter of New Urbanism. It is an approach for successfully reducing environmental impacts by altering the built environment to create and preserve smart cities which support sustainable transport. The design, construction and management of public spaces therefore typically demands consultation and negotiation across a variety of spheres. Urban designers rarely have the degree of artistic liberty or control sometimes offered in design professions such as architecture. It also typically requires interdisciplinary input with balanced representation of multiple fields including engineering, ecology, local history, and transport planning. The scale and degree of detail considered varies depending on context and needs. It ranges from the layout of entire city regions, cities, as with l'Enfant's plan for Washington DC, Griffin and Mahony's plan for Canberra and Doxiadis' plan for Islamabad (although such opportunities are obviously rare), through 'managing the sense of a region' as described by Kevin Lynch, to the design of street furniture. 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Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8. Graz, Austria. 6Institute of Information Systems and Computer Media, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 1. Graz, Austria. Copyright . This paper describes the first approach at combining paper microfluidics with electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection. Inkjet printing is used to produce paper. Towards a Low-Cost Mobile Subcutaneous Vein Detection Solution Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices integrate and scale down laboratory functions and processes to a miniaturized chip format. Many LOC devices are used in a wide array of. Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques examines the scientific techniques currently used as the basis for explosives detection and determines. Free Sun Safety Education Program. 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We propose a low- cost mobile health solution for subcutaneous vein detection using near- infrared spectroscopy, along with an assessment of the current state of the art in this field. The first objective of this study was to get a deeper overview of the research topic, through the initial team discussions and a detailed literature review (using both academic and grey literature). The second objective, that is, identifying the commercial systems employing near- infrared spectroscopy, was conducted using the Pub. Med database. The goal of the third objective was to identify and evaluate (using the IEEE Xplore database) the research efforts in the field of low- cost near- infrared imaging in general, as a basis for the conceptual model of the upcoming prototype. Although the reviewed commercial devices have demonstrated usefulness and value for peripheral veins visualization, other evaluated clinical outcomes are less conclusive. Previous studies regarding low- cost near- infrared systems demonstrated the general feasibility of developing cost- effective vein detection systems; however, their limitations are restricting their applicability to clinical practice. Finally, based on the current findings, we outline the future research direction. Introduction. This study outlines necessary steps towards developing a low- cost mobile health solution for subcutaneous vein detection using near- infrared (NIR) spectroscopy . The general purpose of this study was to gain a multidimensional understanding of previous works carried out in the field of NIR spectroscopy for the role of vein visualization . Our aim was to conceptualize (and later develop) an educational mobile medical application to primarily help to improve decision- making skills of healthcare students (i. Secondly, we wished to investigate if the available NIR spectroscopy devices were used also for other nonclinical purposes (e. Lastly, our multidisciplinary group wished to ascertain if there has been any precedent in using a standard mobile device for the purpose of vein visualization and to evaluate their scope and findings. Before proceeding, it is important to define the terminology and illustrate the background of the research used throughout this paper. Venipuncture is an everyday procedure in healthcare settings. The prevalence of a peripheral venous access line among patients admitted to hospital wards is as high as 9. Although peripheral veins are often accessed with only one needle insertion, in a substantial number of patients it is necessary to practice between 2 and 1. The main causes for the need of multiple attempts are insufficient venipuncture skills, inadequate care and maintenance . Particularly, the use of smartphones offer very promising possibilities for bringing benefits into the medical area . Moreover, Davies et al. Because of the characteristics and functionalities of its products, m- health is gradually redefining healthcare best practices. M- health entails the use of mobile devices in combination with new information and communication technologies and accessories. These devices have given rise to new possibilities in order to overcome obstacles, drive down costs, redesign care- paths and processes, augment the level of patient safety, and improve significantly the quality of care in diverse care settings, including hospital wards, emergency rooms, and homes . For example, according to a study performed by Haddock et al. For this sort of applications, a new term was introduced by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA): mobile medical applications (apps). Mobile medical apps are medical devices that are mobile apps, meet the definition of a medical device, and are, in their turn, an accessory to a regulated medical device or transform a mobile platform into a regulated medical device . Therefore, the main objectives of this study were as follows. The first objective was to get a deeper overview of the problems (i. NIR spectroscopy. The second objective was to identify the commercial systems employing NIR spectroscopy, to understand their composition, their effectiveness, and the relevance of clinical studies that they relied on, in addition to appraising their clinical outcomes and limitations. The third objective was to review all about the research efforts in the field of low- cost NIR spectroscopy, especially, its strengths, weaknesses, and technical features. Research Group. It is well established that when developing a medical device, it is important to involve and consider different perspectives (e. However, for a majority of mobile medical apps (available through official application stores for the major smartphone platforms; see a recent work here . Furthermore, most of them do not even mention any sort of health professionals. For example, in a study performed by Bender et al. Phase 1. As the initial step, the purpose of this phase was to gain a deeper overview about the general challenges of peripheral vein access, especially concerning the background, scope and the improvement strategies related to the handling of venipuncture. After the initial team discussions, enriched and guided by the health professionals, we carried out a detailed literature review (using academic and grey literature) about a group of interrelated terms, leading to a comprehensive knowledge about the research topic. Phase 2. In order to address the second objective (i. NIR spectroscopy), a systemic search was conducted using the Pub. Med database maintained by the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health and other sources. A search strategy (the flow can be seen in Additional File 1 in Supplementary Material S1 available online at http: //dx. NIR imaging to help visualize the vein pattern to choose the most appropriate skin point for venipuncture or cannulation. After collecting the abstracts that were returned using the search strategy, a manual review was performed to select relevant articles. Full- length articles were obtained for the most relevant abstracts. Clinical studies and efficacy studies were separated and other articles (i. The bibliography from the full- length articles was used to identify any additional journal articles that were not identified during the Boolean search. A flowchart that describes the selection process is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Pub. Med search strategy and literature selection process. Phase 3. One of the aims of m- health is to provide cost- effective alternatives in the form of mobile medical apps, especially in the field of diagnostics. Guided by this aim, the goal of our third objective was to identify and evaluate the research efforts in the field of low- cost NIR imaging in general. By the term low- cost research we are referring to studies (e. NIR imaging or acquisition systems from low- cost components. As our next step is to define a concept of transforming a standard mobile device into a low- cost and efficient vein visualization device, the related research findings could have a valuable impact on the design of the model and the architecture of the forthcoming device. In this sense, a systematic search was conducted using the IEEE Xplore database provided by the world. The search strategy (included in the Additional File 1 in the Supplementary Material S1) was used to identify papers covering the design or evaluation of NIR- related systems for multiple purposes, focused on their technical and usability features (e. A flowchart that describes the selection process is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: IEEE Xplore database search strategy and literature selection process. Phase 1: Peripheral Vein Access and Venipuncture. Venipuncture, the process of obtaining intravenous (IV) access, is an everyday invasive procedure in medical settings and there are more than 1 billion venipuncture related procedures (i. IV therapies) performed per year . It is well documented that excessive venipunctures are a significant challenge in today. Especially in infants and children, recurrent attempts to insert a needle to gain access to a vein elicit anxiety, pain, and distress . Children can be difficult to catheterize due to lack of cooperation, decreased amount of subcutaneous fat, and smaller veins . An average of 2. 3. IV catheter (range 1. Less than half is inserted in the first attempt, about 2/3 is inserted after two tries, and in 5% a catheter is not inserted. There is a lower success rate in infants. In addition to the standard technique of visualization and palpation, there are four main options to complement it, as follows: (1) manual procedures with the support of local chemicals, but they have limitations, above all, in children and people with dark skin . Bring Your Own Device . Milestone Action #3. Strategy requires the Advisory Group to work with the Federal CIO Council (CIOC) to develop government- wide bring- your- own- device (BYOD). Through the BYOD Working Group, the Advisory Group and CIOC produced this document to fulfill the requirements of Milestone Action #3. This document is intended to serve as a toolkit for agencies contemplating implementation of BYOD programs. The toolkit is not meant to be comprehensive, but rather provides key areas for consideration and examples of existing policies and best practices. In addition to providing an overview of considerations for implementing BYOD, the BYOD Working Group members developed a small collection of case studies to highlight the successful efforts of BYOD pilots or programs at several government agencies. The Working Group also assembled examples of existing policies to help inform IT leaders who are planning to develop BYOD programs for their organizations. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is also drafting several standards and guidelines focused on mobility, including: Guidelines for Managing and Securing Mobile Devices in the Enterprise. Each of these documents should provide further insight into issues associated with the implementation of BYOD solutions. The Federal Government still has more to do to address the more complicated issues related to BYOD. This includes how the government can reimburse Federal employees for voice/data costs incurred when they use their personal mobile devices instead of government- issued mobile devices, and additional security, privacy, and legal considerations including supply chain risk management and legal discovery. BYOD can be facilitated through applications native to the device, downloaded or installable applications, or even a web browser. The private and public sector entities who have adopted BYOD solutions report that allowing employees to use their personal mobile devices to access company resources often results in increased employee productivity and job satisfaction. From the Federal information security perspective, devices must be configured and managed with information assurance controls commensurate with the sensitivity of the underlying data as part of an overall risk management framework. By embracing the consumerization of Information Technology (IT), the government can address the personal preferences of its employees, offering them increased mobility and better integration of their personal and work lives. It also enables employees the flexibility to work in a way that optimizes their productivity. Such a cost- benefit analysis should take into account both potential increases in employee productivity and potential cost shifts. For example, providing employees access to government services on their personal devices should help reduce the number of government devices that are provided to staff as well as the life- cycle asset management costs associated with these devices. BYOD programs may, however, necessitate government reimbursement for voice/data costs incurred when employees use their personal mobile devices instead of government- issued mobile devices and additional enterprise infrastructure costs in handling the support of BYOD users. Additionally, overall costs may significantly increase for personnel who frequently communicate outside of the coverage area of their primary service provider and incur roaming charges. The magnitude of the issues is a function of both the sensitivity of the underlying data and the amount of processing and data storage allowed on the personal device based on the technical approach adopted. Generally speaking, there are three high- level means of implementing a BYOD program. Virtualization: Provide remote access to computing resources so that no data or corporate application processing is stored or conducted on the personal device. Walled garden: Contain data or corporate application processing within a secure application on the personal device so that it is segregated from personal data. Limited separation: Allow comingled corporate and personal data and/or application processing on the personal device with policies enacted to ensure minimum security controls are still satisfied. Gone are the days of long projects that address every demand. We must now integrate new technologies in a rapid, iterative, agile, interoperable, and secure method to meet changing market and customer needs. Device agnosticism is more important than ever. Our software, hardware, and applications must be compatible across common systems and personal devices. Our information security controls must also be consistent with existing law and standards to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Below is a list of points to consider when determining whether a BYOD program is right for your agency and its staff. The list, which is by no means exhaustive, includes policy and process considerations for Chief Information Officers, Chief Technology Officers, Chief Information Security Officers, Chief Human Capital Officers, Chief Financial Officers, Chief Acquisition Officers, and others. The BYOD Working Group members developed a small collection of case studies that highlight the successful implementation of a BYOD pilot or program at a government agency. These studies include a brief synopsis which summarizes the specific challenges, approaches, and lessons learned of each. None of the BYOD programs discussed in these case studies involve the transmission of classified information. Agencies should consider the applicability of the discussed technical and policy approaches to their own environments. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was among the first of several Federal agencies to implement a BYOD pilot that allowed employees to “opt out” of the government- provided mobile device program and install third- party software on their own smartphones that enabled the use of their device for official work purposes. The State of Delaware initiated an effort to not only embrace the concept of BYOD but to realize significant cost savings by having employees turn in their State- owned device in favor of a personally- owned device, which could save the State approximately half of its current wireless expenditure. Back to top. Allowing Bring Your Own Device with Minimal Policy or Legal Implications. August 1. 3, 2. 01. Robert Hughes. Chief Information Officer. Department of the Treasury. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)robert. Executive Summary. The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) decided to reduce the costs, time and effort required to refresh desktop and laptop computers used for client computing needs. TTB has a widely dispersed workforce with many personnel working from home full time and over 8. Replacing desktop and laptop computers every 3 to 4 years cost TTB about $2 million and disrupted the IT program and business users for several months. TTB determined that the best solution was to centralize all client computing power and applications, user data, and user settings and allow access to TTB resources by thin client computing devices. A thin client is a computing device or program that relies on another device for computational power. However, the virtual desktop solution allowed TTB to avoid the expense of replacing hardware. The savings achieved paid for TTB’s virtual desktop implementation – which cost approximately $8. TTB $1. 2 million. The TTB virtual desktop/thin client implementation uses a small browser plugin, freely available for almost every operating system, which simply turns the end user device into a viewer and controller of the virtual desktop running in the TTB computer rooms. No data touches the end user device. As a result, the TTB virtual desktop implementation has the significant additional benefit of delivering every TTB application, with user data, to a wide range of user devices without the legal and policy implications that arise from delivering data to or allowing work to be accomplished directly on a personal device. Challenge. TTB was created as an independent bureau in the Department of the Treasury on January 2. Homeland Security Act of 2. When TTB was established, all information technology (IT) resources, including capital assets, IT personnel and the funding to procure equipment and to develop core business applications remained with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). TTB was funded at a level sufficient only to reimburse ATF for existing service. No funding was provided for the initial purchase or subsequent replacement of any of the equipment required to establish and operate TTB’s IT Systems. In FY 2. 00. 5 TTB established an independent IT operation with no base funding to refresh infrastructure equipment. Replacing desktop and laptop computers every 3 to 4 years cost TTB about $2 million and disrupted the IT program and business users for several months. TTB decided to reduce the costs, time, and effort required to refresh client desktop and laptop computers. A thin client is a computing device or program that relies on another device for computational power. Approach. With limited funding to invest in a completely new infrastructure for the virtual desktop implementation, TTB examined its existing hardware, software and technical expertise to determine the path most likely to succeed and achieve the objectives of providing central access to all IT resources while achieving significant savings. Approximately 8. 0 percent of the Windows Servers and 2. Sun Solaris servers at TTB had been virtualized. With this success in hand, TTB was confident that a virtual desktop infrastructure could be built without purchasing numerous physical servers. The infrastructure required to deliver virtual desktop could itself be largely virtualized. STANLEY Customer Support . No company on earth has a stronger or more compelling history of delivering the hardworking, innovative, powerful tools that help professionals around the world build, repair, and protect the world’s most valuable objects. CNC Tool Storage; Toolboxes. 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